Physiological and molecular responses to selected dietary nutrients during early development stages of pikeperch Sander lucioperca L

Abstract

Pikeperch (Sander lucioperca L.) is recognized as one of the main freshwater species with a great potential for the expansion of the EU aquaculture industry. Tailored commercial starter feeds do not exist for this species, and feeds used in hatcheries are likely developed for marine species. The lack of knowledge on the essential nutritional factors has been considered as a bottleneck in new emerging species farming, since nutrition is the significant criteria to be considered for economical and sustainable aquaculture. The present thesis focused primarily on the importance of PL and LC-PUFAs composition and dietary requirement of Ca/P, as well as their interactions in pikeperch larval development. The multi-nutritional approach allows a more precise estimates of nutritional requirements, since the relevant interaction among nutrients are considered. In the course of this thesis, four feeding experiments were carried out using skeletal anomaly incidence, molecular biomarkers and digestive enzymatic activity as main endpoints. Results confirmed the synergistic role of dietary PL and n-3 LC-PUFAs in pikeperch larvae. Dietary PL combined with supplementation of LC -PUFA in the form of TAG resulted in highest growth, lowest incidence of anomalies and improved digestive enzyme activity; and had a differential effect on liver proteomics. Essential FA may be directly supplemented as triglycerides to have a beneficial effect in pikeperch larval development. Results highlighted also the major role of Ca/P and EPA+DHA/ARA ratios as well as their interactions with vitamin C during the early post-weaning period. Lordosis and scoliosis seemed to be likely affected by dietary LC-PUFAs, especially DHA. Besides, a strong association is found for the larval tissue amount of ARA and DHA with eicosanoid metabolism, stress response and skeleton anomaly related genes, denoting the effects of dietary LC-PUFAs on immune/stress gene regulation and their potential implication in skeleton development. Interestingly, dietary ARA has likely a sensitive effect on the maturation process (especially intestinal development) in pikeperch larvae. Results showed that 0.6 Ca/P is efficient in reducing the incidence of kyphosis in pikeperch larvae. Meanwhile, the total P % content should be considered in determining the optimal Ca/P level. This provided new insights into the nutritional requirements of pikeperch larvae and contributed to the development of new pikeperch specific feed.

Date of Award	2022
Original language	English
Awarding Institution	University of Namur
Sponsors	University of Namur & European Union
Supervisor	Patrick Kestemont (Supervisor), Daniel Montero (Co-Supervisor), Eric Depiereux (President), Ivar Lund (Jury), Pascal Fontaine (Jury), Robert Mandiki (Jury) & Frédéric Francis (Jury)