TY - JOUR
T1 - Unconventional endocytic mechanisms
AU - Renard, Henri François
AU - Boucrot, Emmanuel
N1 - Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Elsevier Ltd
PY - 2021/8
Y1 - 2021/8
N2 - Endocytosis mediates the uptake of extracellular proteins, micronutrients and transmembrane cell surface proteins. Importantly, many viruses, toxins and bacteria hijack endocytosis to infect cells. The canonical pathway is clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and is active in all eukaryotic cells to support critical house-keeping functions. Unconventional mechanisms of endocytosis exit in parallel of CME, to internalize specific cargoes and support various cellular functions. These clathrin-independent endocytic (CIE) routes use three distinct mechanisms: acute signaling-induced membrane remodeling drives macropinocytosis, activity-dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE), massive endocytosis (MEND) and EGFR non-clathrin endocytosis (EGFR-NCE). Cargo capture and local membrane deformation by cytosolic proteins is used by fast endophilin-mediated endocytosis (FEME), IL-2Rβ endocytosis and ultrafast endocytosis at synapses. Finally, the formation of endocytic pits by clustering of extracellular lipids or cargoes according to the Glycolipid-Lectin (GL-Lect) hypothesis mediates the uptake of SV40 virus, Shiga and cholera toxins, and galectin-clustered receptors by the CLIC/GEEC and the endophilin-A3-mediated CIE.
AB - Endocytosis mediates the uptake of extracellular proteins, micronutrients and transmembrane cell surface proteins. Importantly, many viruses, toxins and bacteria hijack endocytosis to infect cells. The canonical pathway is clathrin-mediated endocytosis (CME) and is active in all eukaryotic cells to support critical house-keeping functions. Unconventional mechanisms of endocytosis exit in parallel of CME, to internalize specific cargoes and support various cellular functions. These clathrin-independent endocytic (CIE) routes use three distinct mechanisms: acute signaling-induced membrane remodeling drives macropinocytosis, activity-dependent bulk endocytosis (ADBE), massive endocytosis (MEND) and EGFR non-clathrin endocytosis (EGFR-NCE). Cargo capture and local membrane deformation by cytosolic proteins is used by fast endophilin-mediated endocytosis (FEME), IL-2Rβ endocytosis and ultrafast endocytosis at synapses. Finally, the formation of endocytic pits by clustering of extracellular lipids or cargoes according to the Glycolipid-Lectin (GL-Lect) hypothesis mediates the uptake of SV40 virus, Shiga and cholera toxins, and galectin-clustered receptors by the CLIC/GEEC and the endophilin-A3-mediated CIE.
KW - Activity-dependent bulk endocytosis
KW - Cargoes
KW - Clathrin
KW - Clathrin-independent carriers/GPI-AP-enriched early endosomal compartments (CLIC/GEEC)
KW - Clathrin-independent endocytosis
KW - Clathrin-mediated endocytosis
KW - EGFR Non-Clathrin endocytosis
KW - Endocytosis
KW - Endophilin-A3/Galectin-8-mediated endocytosis
KW - Fast endophilin-mediated endocytosis (FEME)
KW - Glycolipid-Lectin hypothesis
KW - Glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored proteins
KW - Interleukin-2 receptor endocytosis
KW - Lipids
KW - Macropinocytosis
KW - Massive Endocytosis
KW - Receptors
KW - Ultrafast endocytosis
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85103942543&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.03.001
DO - 10.1016/j.ceb.2021.03.001
M3 - Review article
AN - SCOPUS:85103942543
SN - 0955-0674
VL - 71
SP - 120
EP - 129
JO - Current Opinion in Cell Biology
JF - Current Opinion in Cell Biology
ER -