Résumé
Highly cross-linked imidazolium-based materials, obtained by radical oligomerization of bis-vinylimidazolium salts in the presence of 3-mercaptopropyl-modified silica gel, were used as supports for palladium catalysts. Thanks to the high imidazolium loading these materials were able to support a high amount of the metal (10 wt%). Such materials were characterized by several techniques (13C magic angle spinning nuclear magnetic resonance, the Brunauer-Emmett-Teller technique, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and transmission electron microscopy). The palladium catalysts displayed good activity allowing the synthesis of several biphenyl compounds in high yields working with only 0.1 mol% of palladium loading at 50°C in ethanol/water under batch condition. Moreover, a flow apparatus, to optimize the efficiency of the isolation of the pure products and minimize waste (E-factor), was investigated. For the first time the palladium catalyst and base (K 2CO3) were placed in two separate columns allowing an easy recovery of the products with very low E-factor values (<4). Waste production was reduced by over 99% compared to classic batch conditions. Because of the high Pd loading only 42 mg of catalysts were employed in the Suzuki reaction between 160 mmol of 4-bromotoluene and 180 mmol of phenylboronic acid. No loss in activity was observed.
langue originale | Anglais |
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Pages (de - à) | 2007-2018 |
Nombre de pages | 12 |
journal | Advanced Synthesis and Catalysis |
Volume | 355 |
Numéro de publication | 10 |
Les DOIs | |
Etat de la publication | Publié - 8 juil. 2013 |
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