TY - JOUR
T1 - Comparative study on accuracy of mucosal estradiol-17β, testosterone and 11-ketotestosterone, for maturity, and cutaneous vitellogenin gene expression in goldfish (Carassius auratus)
AU - Roosta, Zahra
AU - Falahatkar, Bahram
AU - Sajjadi, Mirmasoud
AU - Paknejad, Hamed
AU - Mandiki, Robert
AU - Kestemont, Patrick
N1 - Funding Information:
The authors are privileged to have worthwhile‐contribution project, funded (some parts) by the Caspian Sea Basin Research Center (University of Guilan) under project no. 2061112. The laboratory analyses were supported by the Research Unit in Environmental and Evolutionary Biology, Institute of Life, Earth and Environment (University of Namur, Belgium). The authors thank A. Rahdari, N. Jafari and S. Ebrahimi for help in sampling, and also acknowledge Dr. I. Ben Ammar, E. Flamion and A. Hundaji for laboratory processes, and collaboration in ELISA method adaptation. The authors would like to appreciate Dr. A. Akbarzadeh for taking the time to read the latest version of manurscript.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021 Fisheries Society of the British Isles.
PY - 2021/11/25
Y1 - 2021/11/25
N2 - Providing a non-invasive procedure to track fish maturity remains a priority in broodstocks' management. In the present study, the main goal was to assess reproduction status by measuring sex steroids and vitellogenin (VTG) in the skin mucosa, as a non-invasive method. For this purpose, the present study compared the levels of estradiol-17β (E2), testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), VTG and calcium (Ca) in skin mucosa and blood plasma of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Skin mucosal and blood samples were collected, as well as gonad tissues, from goldfish, as a seasonal spawner. Histological analysis confirmed the gender and maturity status from females' ovaries (as primary-growth, cortical-alveoli, initial and late-vitellogenesis) and males' testes (as spermatogenesis and spermiation). Furthermore, vitellogenin (vtg) expression was observed in skin, liver and gonads. The results indicate that mucosal E2 concentrations were significantly higher during initial and late vitellogenesis than the other stages. Mucosal 11-KT concentrations significantly increased at spermiation (P < 0.05). E2/T and 11-KT/E2 ratios significantly increased at early vitellogenesis and spermatogenesis, respectively (P < 0.05). Females' mucosal VTG levels were significantly fluctuated according to the maturity stage. Ca showed a similar trend, but Ca was more accurate for sex identification than the VTG. Although mucus showed high levels of VTG, ovarian vtg expression was strongest while liver and skin had the similar results. These results show that measuring the mucosal androgens could be considered as an accurate, non-invasive method to monitor fish maturity.
AB - Providing a non-invasive procedure to track fish maturity remains a priority in broodstocks' management. In the present study, the main goal was to assess reproduction status by measuring sex steroids and vitellogenin (VTG) in the skin mucosa, as a non-invasive method. For this purpose, the present study compared the levels of estradiol-17β (E2), testosterone (T), 11-ketotestosterone (11-KT), VTG and calcium (Ca) in skin mucosa and blood plasma of goldfish (Carassius auratus). Skin mucosal and blood samples were collected, as well as gonad tissues, from goldfish, as a seasonal spawner. Histological analysis confirmed the gender and maturity status from females' ovaries (as primary-growth, cortical-alveoli, initial and late-vitellogenesis) and males' testes (as spermatogenesis and spermiation). Furthermore, vitellogenin (vtg) expression was observed in skin, liver and gonads. The results indicate that mucosal E2 concentrations were significantly higher during initial and late vitellogenesis than the other stages. Mucosal 11-KT concentrations significantly increased at spermiation (P < 0.05). E2/T and 11-KT/E2 ratios significantly increased at early vitellogenesis and spermatogenesis, respectively (P < 0.05). Females' mucosal VTG levels were significantly fluctuated according to the maturity stage. Ca showed a similar trend, but Ca was more accurate for sex identification than the VTG. Although mucus showed high levels of VTG, ovarian vtg expression was strongest while liver and skin had the similar results. These results show that measuring the mucosal androgens could be considered as an accurate, non-invasive method to monitor fish maturity.
KW - estradiol-17β
KW - goldfish
KW - reproduction-related gene
KW - skin mucus
KW - testosterone
KW - vitellogenin
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85121642614&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1111/jfb.14963
DO - 10.1111/jfb.14963
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85121642614
SN - 0022-1112
VL - 100
SP - 532
EP - 542
JO - Journal of Fish Biology
JF - Journal of Fish Biology
IS - 2
ER -