Evaluation pharmacologique de molécules apparentées au torasémide en tant que modulateurs de la voie du thromboxane A2: du criblage in vitro à l'évaluation in vivo de sulfonylurées nitrobenzéniques

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) is a cellular lipidic mediator resulting from metabolisation of arachidonic acid by cyclooxygenases. This prostanoid is a potent inducer of platelet aggregation, a constrictor of vascular and bronchial smooth muscles, and a stimulator of smooth muscle cells proliferation. Due to these biological properties, TXA2 is implicated in several pathologies such as myocardial infarct and bronchial asthma. Actually, high TXA2 concentrations have been measured in these pathologies. Thus molecules combining dual activity as thromboxane synthase inhibition and TXA2 receptor have a great therapeutic interest. Moreover, it has been demonstrated that drugs combining this dual activity reduce the severity of myocardial infarct and bronchial asthma. For many years, our department is involved in the design, synthesis and pharmacological evaluation of original molecules ( 70) structurally related to torasemide, as TXA2 modulators. Most of these molecules, targeting TXA2, are nitrobenzene sulfonylureas. Among this series, two molecules showing a high affinity for the human platelet TXA2 receptor were selected: BM-567 (IC50 : 1.1 nM) and BM-573 (IC50 : 1.3 nM). Both molecules have anti-aggregatory potency and are able to relax rat aorta and guinea pig trachea smooth muscles precontracted by a TXA2 receptor agonist (U-46619). Moreover, we showed that these molecules completely inhibit platelet TXA2 production at 1 µM. BM-573 has been investigated in an original porcine model of myocardial infarction induced by topical application of ferric chloride to the left anterior descending coronary artery. BM-567 was investigated in a bronchial asthma model induced by ovalbumin in passively sensitized guinea pigs. We could conclude from these studies that BM-567 and BM-573 open new perspectives in the treatment of severe pathologies such as bronchial asthma and cardiovascular disorders, respectively.