Quorum sensing chez Brucella melitensis : carctérisation du régulateur transcriptionnel VjbR et de son régulon

  • Sophie Bonnot

Student thesis: Doc typesDoctor of Sciences

Abstract

Quorum Sensing is a bacterial communication system wich allows the coordinated gene expression within a population regarding its density and environmental properties (diffusion, flow…). In Gram negative bacteria, Quorum Sensing is based on the synthesis and the detection of small diffusible molecules called N-acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs). LuxR transcriptional regulators are the mediators of these regulation systems. When AHL concentration increases, these molecules bind to the N-terminal domain of a LuxR-type regulator and leads to conformational changes driving the modification of the regulator activity. A similar regulation system has been discovered in the Gram negative bacteria Brucella melitensis. This intracellular pathogen synthesizes a dodecanoylhomoserine lactone (C12-HSL) and possesses two LuxR-type regulators: VjbR and BabR. VjbR is involved in the virulence of this pathogen and is crucial for the expression of two virulence factors : the flagellar system and the type four secretion system VirB. C12-HSL have a repressor effect on these two membrane structures. During this work, mutation of the N-terminal domain of VjbR allowed us to demonstrate the ability of VjbR to mediate C12-HSL effect on the virB operon. vjbR mutated strains aggregate in liquid cultures. We have demonstrated that this phenotype is linked to the production of an exopolysaccharide, suggesting for the first time that Brucella could form biofilm-type structures. This study also demonstrates that VjbR has a major role in the regulation of surface structures because this regulator controls the expression of many outer membrane proteins (Omp). Using the chromatin immunoprecipitation technique (ChIP), we have shown that two of these Omps, as well as the virB operon, are directly regulated by VjbR. The virulence of Brucella is partly based on its ability to deviate the intracellular traffic of its host cells (professional and nonprofessional phagocytes) and to proliferate within these cells. During its infectious cycle, Brucella faces numerous stresses and environments, suggesting the necessity of a finely tuned genetic regulation depending on environmental stimuli. Quorum Sensing, through its involvement in the virulence of this intracellular pathogen, could be involved in such regulations. In order to investigate the role of VjbR and BabR in B. melitensis, global transcriptomic and proteomic studies of vjbR and babR mutants were performed. These studies demonstrate that Quorum Sensing is a global regulation system in B. melitensis because it controls the expression of 10% of the genome in the condition tested (9% through VjbR). Numerous targets of these two regulators are involved in virulence and adaptation to environmental stresses (oxydative, metabolic…), suggesting an important role of Quorum sensing in the achievement of the infectious cycle of B. melitensis.
Date of Award10 Oct 2007
Original languageFrench
Awarding Institution
  • University of Namur
SupervisorJEAN-JACQUES LETESSON (Supervisor), Xavier De Bolle (Jury), Martine Raes (President), Pierre Cornelis (Jury) & Anthony PUGSLEY (Jury)

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