TY - JOUR
T1 - Tuning electronic properties of carbon nanotubes by nitrogen grafting: Chemistry and chemical stability
AU - Scardamaglia, Mattia
AU - Struzzi, Claudia
AU - Aparicio Rebollo, Francisco J.
AU - De Marco, Patrizia
AU - Mudimela, Prasantha R.
AU - Colomer, Jean François
AU - Amati, Matteo
AU - Gregoratti, Luca
AU - Petaccia, Luca
AU - Snyders, Rony
AU - Bittencourt, Carla
PY - 2015
Y1 - 2015
N2 - Plasma-based methods were used to graft nitrogen atoms to the hexagonal lattice of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (v-CNTs). The nitrogen grafting (as pyridinic, pyrrolic and graphitic) was mediated by the creation of defects induced by energetic species present in the nitrogen plasma. We investigated the effect of adding nitrogen atoms via plasma treatment on the electronic properties of both v-CNT tips and sidewalls using ultraviolet and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and spectromicroscopy. Site selective nitrogen grafting near the tips, up to a depth of 4 μm, was evaluated, beyond which the properties of the v-CNTs remain unperturbed. The N 1s XPS spectra recorded on the v-CNT tips showed three components related to nitrogen grafted as pyridinic, pyrrolic or graphitic. During thermal heating, we observed variations in the intensity ratio of these components due to the different thermal stability of the nitrogen grafting configurations; the most stable were the sp2 pyridinic and graphitic nitrogen. The area ratio variation of these components was accompanied by a change in the density of states at the Fermi energy level, thus suggesting that the nitrogen functionalization strategy employed can be used to activate the v-CNT tips allowing the tuning of electronic properties by controlling the grafting of different nitrogen species.
AB - Plasma-based methods were used to graft nitrogen atoms to the hexagonal lattice of vertically aligned carbon nanotubes (v-CNTs). The nitrogen grafting (as pyridinic, pyrrolic and graphitic) was mediated by the creation of defects induced by energetic species present in the nitrogen plasma. We investigated the effect of adding nitrogen atoms via plasma treatment on the electronic properties of both v-CNT tips and sidewalls using ultraviolet and X-ray photoemission spectroscopy and spectromicroscopy. Site selective nitrogen grafting near the tips, up to a depth of 4 μm, was evaluated, beyond which the properties of the v-CNTs remain unperturbed. The N 1s XPS spectra recorded on the v-CNT tips showed three components related to nitrogen grafted as pyridinic, pyrrolic or graphitic. During thermal heating, we observed variations in the intensity ratio of these components due to the different thermal stability of the nitrogen grafting configurations; the most stable were the sp2 pyridinic and graphitic nitrogen. The area ratio variation of these components was accompanied by a change in the density of states at the Fermi energy level, thus suggesting that the nitrogen functionalization strategy employed can be used to activate the v-CNT tips allowing the tuning of electronic properties by controlling the grafting of different nitrogen species.
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=84916917485&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.11.009
DO - 10.1016/j.carbon.2014.11.009
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:84916917485
SN - 0008-6223
VL - 83
SP - 118
EP - 127
JO - Carbon
JF - Carbon
ER -