TY - JOUR
T1 - The importance of phospholipids combined with long-chain PUFA in formulated diets for pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae
AU - Lund, Ivar
AU - El Kertaoui, Najlae
AU - Izquierdo, Marisol S.
AU - Dominguez, David
AU - Hansen, Benni W.
AU - Kestemont, Patrick
N1 - Funding Information:
This study has been supported under the framework of the European Union Seventh Framework Programme project DIVERSIFY (KBBE-2013-07 single stage, GA 603121) titled 'Exploring the biological and socio-economic potential of new/emerging fish species for the expansion of the European aquaculture industry'. A part of the research was funded by Agencia Canaria de Investigación, Innovación y Sociedad de la Información (TESIS 2015010078), for a predoctoral grant for D. D. for PhD studies.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2018 The Authors.
PY - 2018/9/28
Y1 - 2018/9/28
N2 - Dietary phosphoglycerides and n-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) play important functions in the development of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae. This study aimed to determine optimal dietary levels of soyabean lecithin (SBL)-derived phospholipids (PL) in starter feeds for pikeperch larvae 10-30 d post-hatch (DPH) and examine performance and ontogeny by additional supplementation of n-3 LC-PUFA in the form of Algatrium DHA 70 (glyceride product; 660-700 mg/g DHA; EPA 60-75 mg/g). In total, six isoproteic and isoenergetic extruded diets were formulated with increasing levels of PL (3·7, 8·3 or 14·5 % wet weight (w.w.), respectively); however, three of the diets were supplemented with three levels of Algatrium DHA 70 (0·6, 2·0 or 3·4 %, respectively). Liver proteomic analyses of larvae at 30 DPH were included for effects of PL and primarily DHA on performance, physiological expression and interactions in larval proteins. In addition, bone anomalies, digestive enzymatic activity, candidate gene expression and skeleton morphogenesis were examined. Results confirmed the importance of dietary PL levels of at least 8·2 % w.w., and an additional beneficiary effect of supplementation with DHA plus EPA. Thus, combined supplementation of SBL (up to 14·51 % w.w. PL) and n-3 LC-PUFA (1·004 % DM DHA and 0·169 % DM EPA) in the form of TAG resulted in highest growth and lowest incidence of anomalies, improved digestive enzyme activity and had differential effect on liver proteomics. The results denote that essential fatty acids can be supplemented as TAG to have beneficial effects in pikeperch larvae development.
AB - Dietary phosphoglycerides and n-3 long-chain PUFA (LC-PUFA) play important functions in the development of pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larvae. This study aimed to determine optimal dietary levels of soyabean lecithin (SBL)-derived phospholipids (PL) in starter feeds for pikeperch larvae 10-30 d post-hatch (DPH) and examine performance and ontogeny by additional supplementation of n-3 LC-PUFA in the form of Algatrium DHA 70 (glyceride product; 660-700 mg/g DHA; EPA 60-75 mg/g). In total, six isoproteic and isoenergetic extruded diets were formulated with increasing levels of PL (3·7, 8·3 or 14·5 % wet weight (w.w.), respectively); however, three of the diets were supplemented with three levels of Algatrium DHA 70 (0·6, 2·0 or 3·4 %, respectively). Liver proteomic analyses of larvae at 30 DPH were included for effects of PL and primarily DHA on performance, physiological expression and interactions in larval proteins. In addition, bone anomalies, digestive enzymatic activity, candidate gene expression and skeleton morphogenesis were examined. Results confirmed the importance of dietary PL levels of at least 8·2 % w.w., and an additional beneficiary effect of supplementation with DHA plus EPA. Thus, combined supplementation of SBL (up to 14·51 % w.w. PL) and n-3 LC-PUFA (1·004 % DM DHA and 0·169 % DM EPA) in the form of TAG resulted in highest growth and lowest incidence of anomalies, improved digestive enzyme activity and had differential effect on liver proteomics. The results denote that essential fatty acids can be supplemented as TAG to have beneficial effects in pikeperch larvae development.
KW - Abnormalities
KW - DHA
KW - Long-chain PUFA
KW - Performance
KW - Phospholipids
KW - Proteomic expression
KW - Sander lucioperca
KW - FA fatty acids
KW - PL phospholipids
KW - ER endoplasmic reticulum
KW - Grp94 glucose-regulated 94
KW - SCP2 sterol carrier protein 2
KW - LC-PUFA long-chain PUFA
KW - SBL soyabean lecithin
KW - PDI protein disulphide-isomerase
KW - PC phosphatidylcholine
KW - DPH days post-hatch
KW - PI phosphatidylinositol
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85052801168&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1017/S0007114518001794
DO - 10.1017/S0007114518001794
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85052801168
SN - 0007-1145
VL - 120
SP - 628
EP - 644
JO - British Journal of Nutrition
JF - British Journal of Nutrition
IS - 6
ER -