Multi-walled carbon nanotube modified carbon paste electrode as an electrochemical sensor for the determination of epinephrine in the presence of ascorbic acid and uric acid

A biocompatible electrochemical sensor for selective detection of epinephrine (EP) in the presence of 1000-fold excess of ascorbic acid (AA) and uric acid (UA) was fabricated by modifying the carbon paste electrode (CPE) with multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) using a casting method. The electro-catalytic activity of the modified electrode for the oxidation of EP was investigated. The current sensitivity of EP was enhanced to about five times upon modification. A very minimum amount of modifier was used for modification. The voltammetric response of EP was well resolved from the responses of AA and UA. The electrochemical impedance spectroscopic (EIS) studies reveal the least charge transfer resistance for the modified electrode. The AA peak that is completely resolved from that of EP at higher concentrations of AA and the inability of the sensor to give an electrochemical response for AA below a concentration of 3.0 × 10^{- 4} M makes it a unique electrochemical sensor for the detection of EP which is 100% free from the interference of AA. Two linear dynamic ranges of 1.0 × 10 ^{- 4}-1.0 × 10^{- 5} and 1.0 × 10^{- 5}-5.0 × 10^{- 7} M with a detection limit of 2.9 × 10 ^{- 8} M were observed for EP at modified electrode. The practical utility of this modified electrode was demonstrated by detecting EP in spiked human blood serum and EP injection. The modified electrode is highly reproducible and stable with anti fouling effects.