Immunological monitoring after organ transplantation: Potential role of soluble CD30 Blood level measurement

Analysing the relevance of soluble CD30 (sCD30) in the bloodstream before and after transplantation may be important for the monitoring of transplant recipients. In this study, 27 patients (15 pediatric liver and 12 adult kidney graft recipients) were investigated. In the liver graft group, the patients who developed acute rejection during the first month (n = 9) had a slightly higher sCD30 value on pre-transplantation baseline (day 0) and post-transplantation day 7, when compared to patients with normal graft function (n = 6) (day 0: 102(1.6) U/ml versus 118(1.5) U/ml, p = 0.52) and (day 7: 69(1.5) U/ml versus 83(1.6) U/ml, p = 0.47). Increased serum sCD30 was shown to correlate with increased interleukin-10 circulating levels between day 0 and day 7 (r = 0.53; p = 0.04), whereas, no correlation could be evidenced between interferon-γ (IFN-γ) and sCD30 (r = 0.02; p = 0.47). Similarly, in the kidney transplantation group, no significant difference was found in sCD30 levels at day 0 in both groups with graft rejection or normal graft function (n = 6) (85(1.3) U/ml versus 77(1.6) U/ml, p = 0.66), but sCD30 decreased significantly at day 7 post-transplantation from baseline value in the rejection group (n = 6) (77(1.6) versus 35(1.4); p = 0.02). We conclude that increased serum sCD30 was correlated with increased IL-10 (interleukin-10) circulating levels, but not with IFN-γ levels in the post-transplantation period. Neither pre-transplantation sCD30 nor sCD30 at day 7 post-transplantation could be correlated with acute rejection in liver graft recipient. The monitoring of sCD30 might constitute a tool to assess the risk of acute rejection in renal transplant but did not appear as a valuable mean for early immunological monitoring in the small group of liver allograft recipients patients analysed in this study.