TY - JOUR
T1 - Dietary DHA and ARA level and ratio affect the occurrence of skeletal anomalies in pikeperch larvae (Sander lucioperca) through a regulation of immunity and stress related gene expression
AU - El Kertaoui, Najlae
AU - Lund, Ivar
AU - Betancor, Monica B.
AU - Carpentier, Camille
AU - Montero, Daniel
AU - Kestemont, Patrick
N1 - Funding Information:
Horizon 2020 AQUAEXCEL 2020 . A part of the research was funded by the University of Namur , Belgium through a PhD grant for N. El Kertaoui.
Funding Information:
This study has been supported under the framework of the European Union Seventh Framework Programme project DIVERSIFY (KBBE-2013-07 single stage, GA 603121) titled ?Exploring the biological and socio-economic potential of new/emerging fish species for the expansion of the European aquaculture industry. This project has received funding from the European Union's. Horizon 2020 AQUAEXCEL2020. A part of the research was funded by the University of Namur, Belgium through a PhD grant for N. El Kertaoui. N.E.K. was in charge of the design of this study, she performed several analyses (digestive enzyme analyses, skeleton anomalies and gene expression) and wrote the main manuscript text. I.L. performed the experiment and was in charge of fatty acid analysis and contributed to the manuscript revision. M. B. assisted with gene expression analysis and she critically reviewed the manuscript. C.C. assisted on the statistical analysis. P.K. and D.M. were involved in the design of the study and in the final revision of the manuscript.
Funding Information:
This study has been supported under the framework of the European Union Seventh Framework Programme project DIVERSIFY (KBBE-2013-07 single stage, GA 603121 ) titled ‘Exploring the biological and socio-economic potential of new/emerging fish species for the expansion of the European aquaculture industry. This project has received funding from the European Union's.
Publisher Copyright:
© 2021
PY - 2021/11/15
Y1 - 2021/11/15
N2 - Several causative factors have been proposed for the occurrence of skeletal anomalies in fish larvae, among which we quote nutritional factors, such as LC-PUFAs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different dietary DHA and ARA level and ratio on pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larval development and performance, digestive capacity, fatty acids composition, skeleton anomalies and molecular markers of oxidative stress status (sod, gpx, and cat), stress response (StAR, gr, pparα, hsl and pepck), fatty acid synthesis (fadsd6, elovl5), eicosanoids synthesis (pla2, cox2, lox5, pge2, and lta4h), and bone development (twist, mef2c, sox9, and alp). Pikeperch larvae were fed six microdiets containing two different dietary levels of DHA (0.5% and 3.5%) combined with three levels of ARA (1.2%, 0.6%, and 0.3%). Dietary fatty acid changes did not affect growth performance but significantly influenced enzymatic activities. A significant increase in skeletal anomalies with DHA intake increment was recorded. StAR, cox2, pla2 and hsl expression were significantly depressed in 2.5% DHA larvae. An opposite effect of dietary DHA elevation was recorded in gpx expression. Both DHA and ARA had a significant effect on pparα, gr, and pge2 expressions. Although no significant interactions were found, pge2, gr, and pparα displayed a differential pattern of expression between the different treatments. A strong association was found for the larval tissue amount of ARA and DHA with eicosanoid metabolism, stress response and skeleton anomaly related genes. These results denoted the effects of dietary LC-PUFAs on immune/stress gene regulation and their potential implication in skeleton development.
AB - Several causative factors have been proposed for the occurrence of skeletal anomalies in fish larvae, among which we quote nutritional factors, such as LC-PUFAs. This study aimed to investigate the effect of different dietary DHA and ARA level and ratio on pikeperch (Sander lucioperca) larval development and performance, digestive capacity, fatty acids composition, skeleton anomalies and molecular markers of oxidative stress status (sod, gpx, and cat), stress response (StAR, gr, pparα, hsl and pepck), fatty acid synthesis (fadsd6, elovl5), eicosanoids synthesis (pla2, cox2, lox5, pge2, and lta4h), and bone development (twist, mef2c, sox9, and alp). Pikeperch larvae were fed six microdiets containing two different dietary levels of DHA (0.5% and 3.5%) combined with three levels of ARA (1.2%, 0.6%, and 0.3%). Dietary fatty acid changes did not affect growth performance but significantly influenced enzymatic activities. A significant increase in skeletal anomalies with DHA intake increment was recorded. StAR, cox2, pla2 and hsl expression were significantly depressed in 2.5% DHA larvae. An opposite effect of dietary DHA elevation was recorded in gpx expression. Both DHA and ARA had a significant effect on pparα, gr, and pge2 expressions. Although no significant interactions were found, pge2, gr, and pparα displayed a differential pattern of expression between the different treatments. A strong association was found for the larval tissue amount of ARA and DHA with eicosanoid metabolism, stress response and skeleton anomaly related genes. These results denoted the effects of dietary LC-PUFAs on immune/stress gene regulation and their potential implication in skeleton development.
KW - Larvae
KW - LC-PUFA
KW - Pikeperch
KW - Skeletal anomalies
KW - Stress gene
UR - http://www.scopus.com/inward/record.url?scp=85109030381&partnerID=8YFLogxK
U2 - 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737060
DO - 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2021.737060
M3 - Article
AN - SCOPUS:85109030381
SN - 0044-8486
VL - 544
JO - Aquaculture
JF - Aquaculture
M1 - 737060
ER -
